Page 10 - Agricultural innovation

being implemented in reality are invested and implemented by units, societies or communities. These
innovation models have spillover value to other units, sectors and communities in society, creating a
greater spillover effect than a simple innovation model. In practice, there are many different forms of
innovation including: i) organizational innovation; ii) process innovation; iii) product innovation and
iv) marketing innovation.
In recent years, the renovation of the agricultural and rural development sectors of countries has also
varied in form and content at different levels and scopes depending on priority policies for development
of each country. Especially with different ecological and climatic conditions, the industry’s innovation
is also very rich in order to solve difficult problems of each region and each country in the region.
Agriculture and rural development in Cambodia has been aiming to ensure food security for
the people and strive to increase export turnover. Therefore, innovation models focus on improving
yield through research on improving varieties, promoting the application of mechanization such as
transplanters and seeders. However, high-tech agriculture has also been developed in commodity
agricultural areas such as greenhouse technology and economical irrigation techniques. In particular,
breakthrough scientific technologies in propagation such as tissue culture for banana plants, equipment
in greenhouses ensure a source of vegetables for large cities at all times of the year regardless of weather
and seasons. Technology 4.0 is not also strongly developed in this country’s agricultural industry when
many technology units are formed with software on computers or smartphones that help farmers to
irrigate, monitor pests, information about humidity and weather to ensure active farming and save
industry resources. In addition, farmers, as well as management and professional agencies, also form
links for sustainable production to increase the efficiency of each stage from production to consumption
in the value chain of products.
In Laos, farmers have ensured food security and also gradually switched to commodity agriculture.
Innovative models are focused on improving crop and livestock productivity. In commodity-producing
regions, many collective economic organizations form farmers’ cooperatives to take advantage of
economies of scale. Some regions, taking advantage of natural conditions, have developed new
plants and animals to create jobs for farmers and develop regional economies such as raising cold-
water sturgeon in many mountainous areas or establishing cooperatives processing buffalo milk by
linking buffalo raising households in the region. People are also interested in the formation of rural
development models that create jobs while preserving the local cultural identity combined with the
world quintessence (East meets West) and attracting tourists.
In Vietnam, a country with many different agricultural ecological zones, many innovative models
have appeared that contribute to solving the problems of the agriculture industry.
• In the two major rice producing areas of Vietnam (the Red River Delta and the Mekong Delta),
there have been successful innovation models with the aim of increasing the income of farmers
escaping the monoculture of rice. From simple and fragmented rice cultivation with many
fields in many different locations, farmers have consolidated and changed plots of land and re-
planned large fields to be able to apply mechanization and transport products more conveniently.
Areas where rice growing is unstable or flooded are converted to duck rice, fish rice models
or completely converted to aquaculture or lotus/larva growing to minimize the risk of crop
failure and provide stable and diverse income. Some other households develop field and pond
models (rice cultivation, fish ponds, pig/poultry raising) to gain higher income from this circular
economy model. In some peri-urban areas, people have turned to developing urban agriculture
models. The model of growing safe vegetables and flowers has been applied in many places and
has brought in many times more income than growing rice, not to mention the potential to
develop experiential agriculture and tourism models for tourists.

Agricultural Innovation Review in CLV Countries 3