The policy brief synthesizes information and issues from various research projects and studies on agricultural chemicals in Lao PDR. It incorporates the results of a comparative case-study of Thathom District which has a ban on pesticides and a low rate of pesticide use and nearby Kham District, which has no ban on pesticides and a high rate of use of chemical inputs. Descriptive statistics and information are used to analyze the factors that influence the use of agro-chemicals in the respective Districts. Lessons learned are used to formulate policy options and recommendations on green agriculture and food safety that may be applicable to other areas of the country